History 201 - Final Exam (Chapters 10, 12, and 14) Essay

CHAPTERS 10, 12, 14 1. What did Sam Patch represent? In a market economy where skilled â€Å"arts† were being replaced by machine labor, Sam Patch’s acts were a defiant protest against the changing times. 2. What intellectual movement influenced Transcendentalism? The Transcendentalists found inspiration for their philosophy in a variety of diverse sources such as: Vedic thought, various religions, and German idealism. 3. What did Transcendentalists believe in? The transcendentalists desired to ground their religion and philosophy in transcendental principles: principles not based on, or falsifiable by, physical experience, but deriving from the inner spiritual or mental essence of the human. 4. What did the Shakers believe in†¦show more content†¦3. What advantages did railroads have over canals? Railroad rates were usually higher, but railroads were twice as fast as steamboats, offered more direct routes, and could operate year-round. 4. Who invented the telegraph? What rail and steam engines did for transportation, Samuel F. B. Morse’s telegraph did for communication. 5. How did John Marshall impact the growth of the market economy? Under the leadership of Chief justice John Marshall, the Supreme Court became the branch of the federal government most aggressive in protecting the new forms of business central to the growing market economy. 6. What did Marshall rule in McCulloch v. Maryland? In the case of McCulloch v. Maryland, the court upheld the constitutionality of the Second Bank of the United States. 7. What did Marshall rule in Gibbons v. Ogden? He also encouraged a more freewheeling commerce in Gibbons v. Ogden, which gave Marshall a chance to define the greatest power of the federal government in peacetime, the right to regulate interstate commerce. 8. What did Marshall rule in Dartmouth College v. Woodward? The most celebrated decision Marshall wrote on the contract clause was in Dartmouth College v. Woodward, decided in 1819. 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